Color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth brushed with an experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste

To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of brushing with a Ricinus communis-based experimental toothpaste on color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth. Methods: Ninety artificial teeth (maxillary central incisors) in different shades, light and dark (NatusDent Triple Pressing, Dentbras) were used. Initial color (Spectrophotometer Easyshade, VITA) and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosakalab) readouts were performed. After baseline measurements, samples were assigned to 10 groups (n=9) according to the artificial tooth shade and type of toothpaste used during the mechanical brushing test (Pepsodent, MAVTEC): Sorriso Dentes Brancos - SDB, Colgate Luminous White - CLW (Colgate-Palmolive), Close up White Now - CWN (Unilever), Trihydral - THL (Perland Pharmacos) and Ricinus communis - RCE (Experimental). After 29,200 cycles of brushing, corresponding to 2 years of brushing by a healthy individual, new color and roughness readouts of the specimens were performed. Data (before and after the tests) were statistically analyzed (2-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05). Results: RCE toothpaste produced the greatest color stability for dark tooth shade and the second best color stability for light tooth shade. For surface roughness alteration, there was no difference (p>0.05) for any tested toothpaste regardless of tooth shade. Conclusions: The experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste did not cause color and surface roughness alteration in the artificial teeth, and it may be considered a suitable option for denture cleaning...

Effect of Brushing Time and Dentifrice Abrasiveness on Color Change and Surface Roughness of Resin Composites

Abstract: Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing time of dentifrices with different abrasiveness on ∆E and ∆Ra of nanofilled (Z350, 3M ESPE) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin composites. Sixteen specimens (12 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were fabricated using a white Teflon matrix of each resin composite and a ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), used as control. After initial color readouts on white backgrounds (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), with D65 standard illuminant, and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab) with cut-off=0.8 mm and speed=0.25 mm/s, specimens were assigned (n=8) according to the abrasiveness of the dentifrices: RDA* 68 (Colgate) and RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Specimens were submitted to mechanical brushing (58,400 cycles) and after every 14,600 cycles (1 year of brushing by a healthy individual), new color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Color stability was calculated by CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05), and demonstrated that the dentifrice abrasiveness (p=0.02) and brushing time (p<0.0001) affected the ∆E of nanofilled resin composite. There was no difference on surface roughness of materials (p=0.6752) or brushing time (p=0.7997). In conclusion, the longer the brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness, the greater the color change of the nanofilled resin composite. The surface roughness was not influenced by dentifrice abrasiveness.

Resumo: A abrasividade do dentifrício e o tempo de escovação podem aumentar a alteração de cor (∆E) e rugosidade de superfície (∆Ra) das resinas compostas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tempo de escovação mecânica com dentifrícios de diferentes abrasividades, sobre o ∆E e a ∆Ra das resinas compostas (nanoparticulada, Z350, 3M ESPE e nanohíbrida, Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent). Dezesseis amostras (12 mm de diâmetro x 2 mm de espessura) foram obtidas utilizando uma matriz de teflon branca, de cada resina composta e uma cerâmica (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), considerada como controle. Após as leituras iniciais de cor sobre fundo branco (Espectrofotômetro PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), com iluminante padrão D65, e de rugosidade de superfície (Rugosímetro Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab), com cut-off=0,8 mm e velocidade=0,25 mm/s, as amostras foram separadas (n=8) de acordo com a abrasividade dos dentifrícios: RDA* 68 (Colgate) e RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Amostras foram submetidas a escovação mecânica (58.400 ciclos), sendo que a cada 14.600 ciclos (1 ano de escovação por um indivíduo saudável), novas leituras de cor e rugosidade de superfície foram realizadas. A estabilidade de cor foi calculada segundo CIEDE2000. Os dados foram analisados (3-way ANOVA medidas repetidas, teste de Bonferroni, p<0,05), e demonstrou-se que a abrasividade dos dentifrícios (p=0,02) e o tempo de escovação (p<0,0001) afetaram o ∆E da resina composta nanoparticulada. A rugosidade de superfície não foi influenciada pela abrasividade dos dentifrícios (p=0,6752) ou tempo de escovação (p=0,7997). Concluiu-se que quanto maior o tempo de escovação mecânica e a abrasividade do dentifrício, maior a alteração de cor da resina composta nanoparticulada. A rugosidade de superfície não foi influenciada pela abrasividade do dentifrício.